STONE

STONE

                            Stones are derived from rock's earth crust. It does not have any definite shape and structure. In actual, these are the fragmented parts of the rock. These are mainly formed by weathering of sedimentary rocks by sunrays, wind and water. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition of broken up materials those are weathered  from primary rocks are formed by cooling of molten lava. Metamorphic rocks are formed by metamorphosis of these rocks y enormous heat and pressure.

TYPES OF STONE

• Granite 
• Sand stone 
• Lime Stone 
• Slate 
• Marble 
• Trap 
• Gneiss 
• Basalt

  STONE CLASSIFICATION

1.       Physical classification 
2.       Geological classification 
3.       scientific  classification 
4.       practical classification

• Physical classification 

  These are two types 

1. Stratified stone
2. unstratified stone

1. Stratified stone 

                     These stones are derived from sedimentary rocks. These stones are found in layers one above the another. Limestone and sand stones are the stratified stones. 

     2.   Unstratified stone

                        these stone do not show any type of layers. Granite, marble, trap etc. are the unstratified stone.

• Geological Classification 

       Depend upon geological formation of rocks, stone are classified as, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks,

•  Igneous Rocks 
• sedimentary Rocks 
• metamorphic Rocks

        Igneous Rocks

           These are formed by cooling of molten lava. Structure of stone depends upon rate of cooling of lava. This lava becomes hard on cooling and formed igneous rock. These rocks are durable, hard, massive and stronger than other stones. 

      

    Sedimentary Rocks 

         These are formed by deposition of sediments due to action of air and water. Due to action of high speed wind and heavy rain, igneous rocks are disintegrate and layers, and earth crust and formed sedimentary rock. Limestone and slate are the sedimentary rocks. 

Metamorphic Rocks

        These rocks are either the sedimentary rocks or the igneous rocks whose physical and chemical properties are changed due to action of high temperature and pressure. Dolomite, state, marble, gneiss are the metamorphic rocks. 

• Scientific classification

   Depend upon chemical composition, stones are divided into three. 

     These are also called Engineering classification.

• Silicious Rocks 
• Argillaceous Rocks
• Calcarious Rocks

Silicious Rocks

         These have silica as the principal constituent. These Rocks are hardly affected by weathering action. These are very hard and durable, Granite, sandstone, gneiss, basalt, trap, ayenge are the silicious Rocks.

Argillaceous Rocks 

         These have clay as the principal constituent. These stones are hard and durable but brittle in nature. Slate and laterite are the argillaceous Rocks.

Calcarious Rocks

                      These have carbonate of lime as the principal constituent, Limestone, marble, kankar, dolomite and gravel are the calcarious Rocks.

• Practical classification

 Depend upon physical characteristics, stone are classified.

• Granite
• Sandstone
• Limestone
• Slate

Qualities of Stone

• Appearance
• General Structure
• Weight
• Compactness
• Porosity
• Durability
• Strength
• Hardness
• Weathering
• Workability

TEST OF STONE